Objective: examining the effect of social support in the lives of adults with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Methods: the integrative literature review was performed in six databases, between the months from August to October 2014. There were used the descriptors AIDS and social support, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, and the Boolean operator and. There were found 1561 articles and selected 33. Results: it was identified that the social support has a positive effect on mental health, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, health status, quality of life and maintaining of safe sex. Conclusion: it is considered that the establishment of deeper relationships between social support and other aspects of life of people with HIV/AIDS can be used to promote the health of these individuals, in order to decrease morbidity and improve survival of these patients.
The objective of this study was to review the literature about the enrollment of children born to HIV-infected mothers in governmental programs of food supplementation. The Brazilian literature published from 1995 to 2004 was surveyed, showing that there are no specific milk programs for infants born at risk of HIV infection, with only one type of Union resource being distributed through the Fund to Fund Incentive for States and Municipalities. In the absence of specific programs, alimentary guidelines are very important for mothers who cannot breast-feed, especially when the mothers belong to the less privileged social stratum and face food deficits on a daily basis.
The aim was to assess the social and health aspects and perception about the diagnosis of individuals co-infected with HIV/tuberculosis. This descriptive study, with quantitative-qualitative approach was accomplished at a referral hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, between January and April 2009, using semistructured interviews held in a private environment. Data were analyzed descriptively and through content analysis. Participants were 16 patients co-infected with HIV/tuberculosis, 56.25% male. The predominant age range was between 31 and 39 years (43.75%), education levels were low and the monthly family income was approximately one minimum wage. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the predominant form (62.50%). Patients' perception about the discovery of the co-infection was demonstrated through two categories: Fear and anguish in view of the diagnosis and Changes in health habits and lifestyle. In view of the findings, there is an urgent need to promote these patients' psychological and physical wellbeing through political and health actions.
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the socioeconomic aspects of families with children born exposed to human immunodeficiency virus. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study held in Fortaleza/CE/Brazil with 30 adults with human immunodeficiency virus/HIV. Data were collected through semi-structured instrument then tabulated, expressed in absolute and relative frequency tables. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the hospital where the study was conducted, under protocol number 014/2007 with. Results: Of respondents, 96.6% were female. Of these families, 56.5% had at least two children. The main sources of income were informal employment (36.6%) and government assistance (33.4%), 73.4% were class "D" and "E", and 40% lived on less than minimum wage. Among families, 90.0% used public water supply and garbage was collected. Conclusion: most disadvantaged families is social class, which may contribute negatively in maintaining health. Descriptors: HIV; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Family; Child. RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os aspectos socioeconômicos de famílias com filhos nascidos expostos ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, realizado em Fortaleza/CE/Brasil com 30 adultos com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana/HIV. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento semiestruturado, em seguida tabulados, expressos em frequência absoluta e relativa nas tabelas. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do hospital onde foi realizado o estudo,protocolo de número 014/2007. Resultados: dos respondentes, 96,6% eram do sexo feminino. Das famílias, 56,5% possuíam no mínimo dois filhos. As principais fontes de renda eram emprego informal (36,6%) e auxílio do governo (33,4%); 73,4% eram de classes "D" e "E", e 40% conviviam com menos de um salário mínimo. Entre as famílias, 90,0% consumiam água de abastecimento público e o lixo era recolhido. Conclusão: a maioria das famílias constitui classe social desfavorecida, o que pode contribuir negativamente na manutenção da saúde. Descritores: HIV; Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Família; Criança. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los aspectos socioeconómicos de las familias con hijos nacidos expuestos al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Método: estudio transversal descriptivo y cuantitativo, que tuvo lugar en Fortaleza-CE/Brasil con 30 adultos virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana-VIH. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de instrumento semi-estructurado, entonces tabulados, expresados en tablas de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación del hospital donde se realizó el estudio, bajo el número de protocolo 014/2007. Resultados: del total de encuestados, el 96,6% eran mujeres. De estas familias, el 56,5% tenía al menos dos hijos. Las principales fuentes de ingresos son el empleo informal (36,6%) y la ayuda del gobierno (33,4%), el 73,4% eran de clase "D" y "E", y el 40% vive con menos de un salario mínimo. Entre las familias, el 90,0% utiliza abastecimiento público de agua y la basura se recogió. Conclusión: mayoría de las familias eran de clase social desfavorecida, que pueden contribuir negativamente en el mantenimiento de la salud. Descriptores: VIH; Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida; Familia; Niño. ; ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the socioeconomic aspects of families with children born exposed to human immunodeficiency virus. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study held in Fortaleza/CE/Brazil with 30 adults with human immunodeficiency virus/HIV. Data were collected through semi-structured instrument then tabulated, expressed in absolute and relative frequency tables. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the hospital where the study was conducted, under protocol number 014/2007 with. Results: Of respondents, 96.6% were female. Of these families, 56.5% had at least two children. The main sources of income were informal employment (36.6%) and government assistance (33.4%), 73.4% were class "D" and "E", and 40% lived on less than minimum wage. Among families, 90.0% used public water supply and garbage was collected. Conclusion: most disadvantaged families is social class, which may contribute negatively in maintaining health. Descriptors: HIV; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Family; Child. RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os aspectos socioeconômicos de famílias com filhos nascidos expostos ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, realizado em Fortaleza/CE/Brasil com 30 adultos com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana/HIV. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento semiestruturado, em seguida tabulados, expressos em frequência absoluta e relativa nas tabelas. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do hospital onde foi realizado o estudo,protocolo de número 014/2007. Resultados: dos respondentes, 96,6% eram do sexo feminino. Das famílias, 56,5% possuíam no mínimo dois filhos. As principais fontes de renda eram emprego informal (36,6%) e auxílio do governo (33,4%); 73,4% eram de classes "D" e "E", e 40% conviviam com menos de um salário mínimo. Entre as famílias, 90,0% consumiam água de abastecimento público e o lixo era recolhido. Conclusão: a maioria das famílias constitui classe social desfavorecida, o que pode contribuir negativamente na manutenção da saúde. Descritores: HIV; Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Família; Criança. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los aspectos socioeconómicos de las familias con hijos nacidos expuestos al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Método: estudio transversal descriptivo y cuantitativo, que tuvo lugar en Fortaleza-CE/Brasil con 30 adultos virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana-VIH. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de instrumento semi-estructurado, entonces tabulados, expresados en tablas de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación del hospital donde se realizó el estudio, bajo el número de protocolo 014/2007. Resultados: del total de encuestados, el 96,6% eran mujeres. De estas familias, el 56,5% tenía al menos dos hijos. Las principales fuentes de ingresos son el empleo informal (36,6%) y la ayuda del gobierno (33,4%), el 73,4% eran de clase "D" y "E", y el 40% vive con menos de un salario mínimo. Entre las familias, el 90,0% utiliza abastecimiento público de agua y la basura se recogió. Conclusión: mayoría de las familias eran de clase social desfavorecida, que pueden contribuir negativamente en el mantenimiento de la salud. Descriptores: VIH; Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida; Familia; Niño.
A violência doméstica atinge todos os componentes familiares, as crianças são consideradas as principais vítimas. Este é um estudo qualitativo que objetivou apreender a percepção de mães cujas filhas foram vítimas de abuso sexual infantil. Os dados foram coletados em fevereiro e março de 2007, em uma organização governamental de Fortaleza, CE, mediante entrevista semiestruturada com dez mães de meninas vítimas de abuso sexual. As informações foram submetidas à técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, da qual emergiram três temas: a culpa arraigada pelo mito materno, a dor do insuperável e o desespero como consequência do sentimento de impotência, permitindo apreender que as mães vivenciam uma gama de sentimentos, destacando-se a dor, revolta e impotência. Considera-se a necessidade de haver interesse por parte da sociedade para compreender a violência, sua magnitude e toda a cadeia atingida, caso contrário, só restarão boas intenções perdidas no vazio da falta de ação. ; La violencia doméstica afecta a todos los componentes familiares, las niñas son consideradas las principales víctimas. Este es un estudio cualitativo que tuvo por objetivo aprender la percepción de las madres cuyas hijas fueron víctimas de abuso sexual infantil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre febrero y marzo de 2007, en una organización gubernamental de Fortaleza, estado de Ceará, mediante entrevista semiestructurada con diez madres de niñas víctimas de abuso sexual. Las informaciones fueron sometidas a la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo, de la cual emergieron tres temas: la culpa arraigada por el mito materno, el dolor de lo insuperable y el desespero, como consecuencia del sentimiento de impotencia, permitiendo aprender que las madres experimentan una amplia gama de sentimientos, destacándose el dolor, la rebelión y la impotencia. Se considera una necesidad que exista un interés por parte de la sociedad para comprender la violencia, su magnitud y todas sus implicaciones, caso contrario, solo restarán buenas intenciones perdidas en el vacío de la falta de acción. ; Domestic violence affects all members in a family and children are considered the main victims. This qualitative study aimed to grasp the perception of mothers whose daughters were sexually abused. Data were collected between February and March 2007 in a governmental facility in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil through semi-structured interviews with ten mothers of sexually abused children. Data were submitted to the Collective Subject Discourse Technique from which three themes emerged: Guilt is rooted in the motherhood myth, unhealable pain and despair as a consequence of a feeling of powerlessness. Results evidenced that mothers experience a range of feelings in which pain, revulsion and powerlessness are highlighted. Society should be engaged in the subject and interested in understanding violence, its magnitude and the whole affected chain, otherwise, only good intentions will remain, lost in the void from the lack of action.
This was a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study aiming to identify the sociodemographic, maternal and clinical conditions of children exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, who were treated in a reference hospital for infectious diseases in Fortaleza-Ceará. The sample consisted of 117 mothers who brought their children for consultation between July and December 2009. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview form. There was a higher percentage of mothers aged 20-29 years (53.8%), married (73.5%) and unemployed (68.3%). Most children were less than 12 months old (39.4%), did not receive governmental assistance (66.6%), and did not attend the health service on the scheduled date (77.0%). Some mothers did not use Zidovudine during pregnancy (15.4%), and eight children did not use it after birth (6.8%). Nineteen children did not use prophylaxic Trimethoprim-Sulfametaxazol in the first year of life. It was concluded that most children had socioeconomic difficulties that negatively influenced their health conditions.
Violence takes up a prominent place in the modern society. It is considered a public health problem. The aim of this study was to describe policies related to violence against children and adolescents. It was a documentary and reflective study which involved data from 1982 to 2006. From the data, it was formulated the following category: public policies concerned violence against children and adolescents. It is inferred that the way they have been treated varies between negligence, punishment and mere measures of care. There are statutes, codes and laws; however it seems they need energetic effective measures to be put into effect. It is necessary to develop activities that propitiate possibilities of a life with respect to the children and adolescents. The phenomenon of violence must send the society to the tireless fight for the practice of democracy. Amongst the social elements, the nurse is detached for being present in many scenes of assistance to children and adolescents, having opportunity to contribute significantly to the detection, prevention and notification of such phenomenon.
